imagine that you focus on the two conditions where the children are either dressed in Superhero clothes or they are dressed in Street clothes (for this crash course, ignore the third "Choice" condition. The children do not have a choice in this current study). Your prior crash course quizzes showed that the boys tended to worker harder themselves when they were dressed in Superhero clothing than when the boys were dressed in their street clothes. Now you want to expand this design to see if the same finding holds for girls. You thus recruit both boys and girls for a study where they perform the boring computer class in their Street clothes or they are told to wear Superhero clothes (Children in this Superhero condition do have a wide variety of choices that cover all gender-based Superhero roles, like Superman/woman, Batman/woman, Spiderman/woman, etc. They are just told to choose the costume they want to wear).

In our new factorial study, participants receive one of four surveys that focus on a combination of the participant Gender (Boys v. Girls) and Clothing (Superhero clothes v. Street clothes): 1). Superhero + Boy, 2). Superhero + Girl, 3). Street Clothes + Boy, or 4) Street Clothes + Girl. The children then perform the boring computer task and are timed for length of persistence using a scale ranging from 0 minutes to 10 minutes maximum. You have several predictions that focus on two main effects and one interaction.

For the main effect of Clothing, you predict that the children will be more persistent (or work longer) when dressed as a Superhero than when dressed in street clothes. For the main effect of Gender, you predict girls will be more persistent than boys. Finally, you expect an interaction of Clothing and Gender such that boys dressed in street clothes will be less persistent than all other conditions. That is, boys dressed in costume or girls either dressed in costume or dressed in street clothes will not differ from each other, but all will work more persistently than boys dressed in street clothes. In other words, girls work longer regardless of how they are dressed, but boys only work longer when dressed as a Superhero.

1). What are the independent and dependent variables in this study? Choose the best option from those listed below.

A. There is one independent variable: the Clothing condition (Superhero clothes v. Street clothes). There are two dependent variables. First, there is the participant gender (Boys v. Girls). Second, there is there is the children's persistence on the computer task (0 minutes to 10 minutes).

B. There are two independent variables. First, there is the Clothing condition (Superhero clothes v. Street clothes). Second, there is the Gender condition (Boys v. Girls). There is one dependent variable: Persistence on the computer task (20 minutes to 30 minutes).

C. There are two independent variables. First, there is the Clothing condition (Superhero clothes v. Street clothes). Second, there is the Gender condition (Boys v. Girls). There are two dependent variables: First, there is there is the children's persistence on the computer task (0 minutes to 10 minutes). Second, there is the children's ratings of Superhero costumes (0 = I would like to wear a costume to 10 = I would not like to wear a costume).

D. There are two independent variables. First, there is the Clothing condition (Superhero clothes v. Street clothes). Second, there is the Gender condition (Boys v. Girls). There is one dependent variable: Persistence on the computer task (0 minutes to 10 minutes).

E. There are four independent variables. First, there is the Superhero clothes condition Second, there is the Street clothes condition. Third, there is the condition with boys. Fourth, there is the condition with girls. There is one dependent variable: Persistence on the computer task (0 minutes to 10 minutes).

You run a Factorial AVOVA on this data set and get the following SPSS output. Using this output, interpret the information. Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: Persistence in completing the computer task Clothing Condition (1 = Superhero, 2 = Street Gender Condition (1 = clothes) Boys, 2 = Girls) Mean Std. Deviation N Superhero clothes Boys 6.88 1.236 25 Girls 6.40 1.155 25 Total 6.64 1.208 50 Street clothes Boys 5.56 961 25 Girls 6.72 .843 25 Total 6.14 1.069 50 Total Boys 6.22 1.282 50 Girls 6.56 1.013 50 Total 6.39 1.163 100Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Persistence in completing the computer task Type Ill Sum Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig Corrected Model 25 950" 3 8.650 7.700 000 Intercept 4083 210 4083.210 3634.905 000 Clothes Condition 6.250 6.250 5.564 020 GenderCondition 2.890 2.890 2.573 112 ClothesCondition * 16.810 16.810 14.964 000 GenderCondition Error 107.840 96 1.123 Total 4217.000 100 Corrected Total 133.790 99Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: Persistence in completing the computer task Clothing Condition (1 = Superhero, 2 = Street Gender Condition (1 = clothes) Boys, 2 = Girls) Mean Std. Deviation N Superhero clothes Boys 6.88 1.236 25 Girls 6.40 1.155 25 Total 6.64 1.208 50 Street clothes Boys 5.56 961 25 Girls 6.72 843 25 Total 6.14 1.069 50 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Persistence in completing the computer task Clothing Condition (1 = Superhero, 2 = Street Type Ill Sum clothes) Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig Superhero clothes Corrected Model 2.880 2.880 2.014 162 Intercept 2204.480 2204.480 1541.594 000 GenderCondition 2.880 1 2.880 2.014 162 Error 68.640 48 1.430 Total 2276.000 50 Corrected Total 71.520 49 Street clothes Corrected Model 16.820 16.820 20.596 000 Intercept 1884.980 1 1884.980 2308.139 000 GenderCondition 16.820 16.820 20.596 000 Error 39.200 48 317 Total 1941.000 50 Corrected Total 56.020 49