Imagine you are stuck in a traffic jam on the freeway. Once traffic starts moving again you look for the reason of the traffic jam such as an accident or road work but there is nothing. This is called a "phantom
traffic jam".

Watch this video of the experience of recreating a phantom traffic jam https://youtu.be/Suugn-p5C1M. Let D(t) be the distance between one car and the car preceding it. At the beginning, the distance remains constant.
After a while, it starts oscillating (the distance between the two cars keeps increasing and decreasing).

a) Use the concepts seen in class to explain the causes of this phenomenon and suggest ways it could be fixed.
b) Explain the emergence of these oscillations in terms of equilibrium point and attractor.