In 1922, two researchers from the University of Toronto, Fredrick Banting and John Macleod, discovered insulin and subsequently won the Nobel Prize. Although it is not a cure, insulin is used to effectively manage diabetes, which is fatal if left untreated. However, several years after insulin became widely available it was observed that the prevalence of diabetes had dramatically increased. What can explain this? O a) The incidence rate is less than the mortality rate for diabetes. O b) The incidence rate for diabetes increased as a result of more new cases. O c) The duration of disease increased with availability of insulin. O d) The incidence risk increased due to insulin exposure. Question 18 (3 points) A recent cohort study investigated the association between exclusive cow's milk vs. exclusive breast feeding of infants for 6 months after birth and outcome of allergic rhinitis at 6 years of age. The authors reported finding a population attributable risk of 43%. How is this value interpreted? a) Approximately 43% of the incidence of allergies among 6 year olds is due to being exclusively fed cow's milk as an infant. Ob) For every 100 children who were exclusively fed cow's milk 43 developed allergic rhinitis by 6 years of age. O c) 43% of children exclusively fed cow's milk had allergic rhinitis due to being exclusively fed cow's milk. O d) The risk of allergic rhinitis among children exclusively fed cow's milk as an infant is 0.43 times the risk among children who were exclusively breastfed