In 2008, the decline in housing prices and an increased rate of expected defaults on mortgages the cash flows generated by mortgage-related securities and, thus, the market valuation of the mortgages and mortgage-backed securities held by banks. In addition to the decline in housing prices, which factors have influenced bank valuations? Check all that apply. Higher-risk premiums required by investors in commercial banks Reduction of the demand for bank services Lower-risk premiums required by investors in commercial banks An increase in demand for bank services by subprime borrowers An increased number of investors in commercial banks