in 2022, Helsie the boba barista had $1,500 of Section 1231 loss that offset ordinary income. In 2023, Ned had $70,000 of wage income and the following gains and losses:

$7,000 long-term capital loss (LCTL)

$2,000 short-term capital loss (STCL)

$3,000 long-term capital gain (LTCG)

$4,000 short-term capital gain (STCG)

$2,000 Section 1231 loss

For 2023, what is:

a. Ned's taxable income taxed at preferential rates?

b. Ned's taxable income taxed at ordinary rates?