In a February 19, 2004, press release, the Securities and Exchange Commission described a number

of fraudulent transactions that Enron executives concocted in an effort to meet the companys

financial targets. One particularly well-known scheme is called the Nigerian barge transaction.

According to court documents, Enron arranged to sell three electricity-generating power barges

moored off the coast of Nigeria. The buyer was the investment banking firm of Merrill Lynch.

Although Enron reported this transaction as a sale in its income statement, it turns out this was

no ordinary sale. Merrill Lynch didnt really want the barges and had only agreed to buy them

because Enron guaranteed, in a secret side-deal, that it would arrange for the barges to be bought

back from Merrill Lynch within six months of the initial transaction. In addition, Enron promised

to pay Merrill Lynch a hefty fee for doing the deal. In an interview on National Public Radio on

August 17, 2002, Michigan Senator Carl Levin declared, the case of the Nigerian barge transaction

was, by any definition, a loan.

Required:

1. Discuss whether the Nigerian barge transaction should have been considered a loan rather

than a sale. As part of your discussion, consider the following questions. Doesnt the Merrill

Lynch payment to Enron at the time of the initial transaction automatically make it a sale,

not a loan? What aspects of the transaction are similar to a loan? Which aspects suggest revenue

has not been earned by Enron?

2. The income statement effect of recording the transaction as a sale rather than a loan is fairly

clear: Enron was able to boost its revenues and net income. What is somewhat less obvious,

but nearly as important, are the effects on the statement of cash flows. Describe how including

the transaction with sales of other Enron products, rather than as a loan, would change

the statement of cash flows.

3. How would the difference in the statement of cash flows (described in your response to

requirement 2) affect financial statement users?