In a recent research study, the sorption and desorption of three neonicotinoid contaminants, imidacloprid (IMI), clothianidin (CLO) and thiacloprid (THI) was reported in four agricultural soils named black soil (BS), red soil (RS), paddy soil (PS), and fluvo-aquic soil (FS) to understand the fate of these contaminants in these soils and their potential biotransformation/biodegradation by soil microbes.

Based on this information, analyze the data given in the following table and interpret your results as thoroughly as possible and also predict on the bioremediation potential of these contaminants in these soils based on your data interpretation.

Table 1 Freundlich model of sorption-desorption isotherms of three neonicotinoids on four soils. Sorption Freundlich isotherm parameters Chemicals Soils n IMI BS 0.862 + 0.019 3.42 + 0.106 FS 0.987 + 0.097 2.36 + 0.399 PS 0.805 + 0.059 2.62 +0.264 RS 1.02 + 0.031 1.01 +0.054 CLO BS 0.853 + 0.041 3.39 + 0.230 FS 0.991 + 0.011 1.08 + 0.020 PS 0.779 + 0.070 2.75 + 0.328 RS 0.998 + 0.016 0.992 + 0.059 THI BS 0.806 + 0.011 9.06 + 0.156 FS 0.842 + 0.023 3.40 + 0.127 PS 0.719 + 0.022 4.70+ 0.184 RS 0.984 +0.024 1.16 + 0.049 De sorption Chemicals IMI CLO Soils BS FS PS RS BS FS PS RS BS FS PS Freundlich isotherm parameters no K; 0.725 + 0.048 3.76 + 0.251 0.919 + 0.091 3.27 +0.400 0.650+ 0.057 3.50 +0.020 1.02 + 0.116 1.20 +0.203 0.723 + 0.051 5.05 + 0.038 0.977 + 0.054 1.86 + 0.157 0.594 + 0.055 4.04 + 0.035 0.921 + 0.059 1.32 + 0.209 0.717 + 0.033 10.9 +0.566 0.770 + 0.041 4.28 + 0.240 0.645 + 0.057 5.49 +0.555 0.943 + 0.035 1.55 + 0.086 THI RS * K((mg/kg)(mg/L)-") is the sorption affinity. Table 1 Freundlich model of sorption-desorption isotherms of three neonicotinoids on four soils. Sorption Freundlich isotherm parameters Chemicals Soils n IMI BS 0.862 + 0.019 3.42 + 0.106 FS 0.987 + 0.097 2.36 + 0.399 PS 0.805 + 0.059 2.62 +0.264 RS 1.02 + 0.031 1.01 +0.054 CLO BS 0.853 + 0.041 3.39 + 0.230 FS 0.991 + 0.011 1.08 + 0.020 PS 0.779 + 0.070 2.75 + 0.328 RS 0.998 + 0.016 0.992 + 0.059 THI BS 0.806 + 0.011 9.06 + 0.156 FS 0.842 + 0.023 3.40 + 0.127 PS 0.719 + 0.022 4.70+ 0.184 RS 0.984 +0.024 1.16 + 0.049 De sorption Chemicals IMI CLO Soils BS FS PS RS BS FS PS RS BS FS PS Freundlich isotherm parameters no K; 0.725 + 0.048 3.76 + 0.251 0.919 + 0.091 3.27 +0.400 0.650+ 0.057 3.50 +0.020 1.02 + 0.116 1.20 +0.203 0.723 + 0.051 5.05 + 0.038 0.977 + 0.054 1.86 + 0.157 0.594 + 0.055 4.04 + 0.035 0.921 + 0.059 1.32 + 0.209 0.717 + 0.033 10.9 +0.566 0.770 + 0.041 4.28 + 0.240 0.645 + 0.057 5.49 +0.555 0.943 + 0.035 1.55 + 0.086 THI RS * K((mg/kg)(mg/L)-") is the sorption affinity