In a study of smokers who tried to quit smoking with nicotine patch therapy, 39 were smoking one year after the treatment, and 32 were not smoking one year after the treatment (based on data from "High Dose Nicotine Patch Therapy," by Dale et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 274, No. 17). We want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that among smokers who try to quit with nicotine patch therapy, the majority are smoking a year after the treatment.

a) what is the null hypothesis?

b) what is the alternative hypothesis?

c) what is the value of the standard score for the sample proportion?

d) what is the critical value?

e) what is the P-value?