In addition to its namesake candy, Tootsie Roll Industries also produces Dubble Bubble chewing gum. Huge production machines produce the gum. These machines combine sugar, dextrose, gum base, and a few other ingredients into a single sheet hundreds of yards long, then slice the sheet into strips, cut the strips into gum-sized lengths, and finish by wrapping the gum. Which of the following are explicit costs for Tootsie Roll Industries, which are implicit costs, and which are not costs at all? Explain each of your answers.

a.The cost of the electricity used to run the production machines.

b.The salary paid the night-shift manager.

c.The wear on the production machine as it is used.

d.The price paid for the paper used to wrap the gum.

e.The fixed lease payments made on the