In an essay of 200 words or less, describe the approach that the Merton model takes in producing credit ratings. What is the most crucial parameter in the determination of corporate default probability in the Merton model? (20 marks) b) The current market prices of a non-dividend paying stock is 50 pounds. The annual risk-free interest rate is 10%, and the current price of the 3-month forward contract written on the stock is 55 pounds. Is there an arbitrage opportunity in the market, or not? Assume continuous compounding. (20 marks) c) What are the two basic ways for a risk manager to hedge against interest rate risk? Briefly justify your claims. (10 marks)