In an experiment, participants had a choice between three jars of peanut butter. In a pretest, one brand had been rated as higher quality, and participants could identify the higher$-$quality product $59$ percent of the time in a blind test $($substantially higher than chance, which was $33$ percent$).$

With another group of participants, the scientists put labels on the jars. One was a well$-$known national brand that had been advertised heavily and which all participants recognized; the other two were brands they had never heard of before. Then the experimenters put the higher$-$quality peanut butter into one of the jars with the unfamiliar labels. Would the same percentage of participants still choose the best$-$tasting peanut butter? No$.$ This time $73$ percent chose the low$-$quality product with the recognized brand label, and only $20$ percent chose the high$-$quality product.

In a second tasting test, the researchers put exactly the same peanut butter into three jars, labeling two with unfamiliar labels and one with a brand$-$name label. The result was nearly identical. In this case, $75$ percent of the participants chose the jar with the recognized brand, even though its content was the same as that of the other two jars.

What does this tell you about the influence of brand names and what kind of heuristics they appeal to$?($Hint: Do you think that this has anything to do with non$-$informative advertisement?$)$