In an FRA, the buyer agrees to pay the seller

a$)$ none of the options

b$)$ the increased interest cost on a notional amount if interest rates rise above an agreement rate

c$)$ the increased interest cost on a notional amount if interest rates fall below an agreement rate

d$)$ the increased interest cost if interest rates increase above the agreement rate

In countries like France and Germany,

a$)$ managers have often viewed shareholders as one of the "stakeholders" of the firm, others being employees, customers, suppliers, banks and so forth

b$)$ managers have often made business decisions with regard to maximizing market share to the exclusion of other goals

c$)$ managers have traditionally embraced the maximization of shareholder wealth as the only worthy goal

d$)$ managers have often regarded the prosperity and growth of their combines, or families of related firms, as their most critical goal