In an information system, data is inputted, and information is the output. What does the system do to make this change?

a$.$ It uses data based on internal resources only. It produces that information then processes external resources only and produces that information separately$-$time orientation.

b$.$ It uses all the data $($internal or external sources$)$ and performs queries based on commands to produce a report$($s$)$ as requested active orientation.

c$.$ The data is logged, and information is retrieved based on the queries of the logs metadata.log orientation.

d$.$ The data is processed in phases, and the output information displays each step for the user to analyze and put together phase orientation.