In class on Monday you collected data about your ability to catch a ruler quickly when were made aware of its movement - either through a visual cue, a tactile cue or a verbal cue. You will use Excel and the VassarStats website & to present and analyze the data. If you need help accessing Excel, go to the Additional Policies and Resources page in the first module of this course - there I give the link for Virtual Labs, which allows you to access a suite of programs. Please create a word document and do the following, typing your answers and pasting your graphs into it. If something is bolded in these instructions, that means you need to put it into your Word doc; the rest of the information are steps to get you to the answers. 1) In class I had you calculate the average distance per sense and had you calculate the average reaction time so that I could confirm that you could calculate it. Now we need to back up a little: 1a) Recreate the data table in Excel - in the first column, write sight in the first 5 rows, then touch in the next 5 rows, then sound in the next 5 rows. Then enter your raw data - the 15 distances. 1b) use the =average() function to calculate the average of the five distances for sight (remember - within the parentheses you highlight the five cells that have the data). I recommend doing this in the cell next to your first sight #. (see below) 1c) use the =stdev() function to calculate the standard deviation of the five distances for sight (remember - don't include the average in this calculation - just the raw data!). It should look like this (note - I just made up data for sight, but you'll have 15 data points): A B C D 1 sense distance average stdev 2 sight 2 2.8 0.83666 3 sight 3 4 sight 5 sight W N A 6 sight 7 touch2) In your Word document, report the average and standard deviation of the distances (in cm) for: sight: touch: sound: 3) Now it is time to calculate the reaction times - but we will do this for each of 15 distance data points that you have. We will do the conversion from distance in cm to time in two steps - putting it into two columns. 3a) the first column will do the following math: (2*s)/a. To accomplish this, you will type in a function - an equation that tells Excel what calculation to do. In this case, we are telling Excel to make the calculation of 2*(the value in B2 - which is the first sight data point) and then divide that by 990.6. As you see in the picture below, I type this function into the cell where I want the answer to be: I type =(2* and then I select the cell that has the data that I want to be multiplied by 2 - in this case, cell B2 - then I close the parentheses and divide by the conversion unit of 990.6. =(2*B2)/990.6 A B C D E F Sense distance average stdev (2*s)/a sqrt sight 2 2.8 0.83666 =(2*B2)/990.6 sight w sight Doing this puts the answer of 0.004038 into cell E2. 3b) Then, in cell F2, I calculate the square root of the value in E2 by typing: =sqrt(E2)And now l have my rst reaction time of 0.0635 seconds. 3c) Now you need to calculate the reaction time for all 15 trials. Do you notice from the picture that the lower left corner of a cell has a square? If you hover your cursor over that square (when the cell is selected), your cursor changes from a white cross to a black plus sign - that means you can grab that corner square and pull straight down - which will repeat the function (copy the equation) to all of the cells below it. Do this for the reaction time calculations, so that your sheet looks like this (again, I've only done the rst 5 data points). A A | B | C | D | E | F | 1 sense distance average stdev (2's)/a sqrt 2 sight 2 2.8 0.83000 0.004038 0.003545 _3 sight 3 0.000057 0.077820 4 sight 4 0.008070 0.089866 5 sight 2 0.004038 0.003545 0 sight 3 0.000057 0.077820 F "That 'sqrt' column is your reaction time - the data we're interested in for the rest of the assignment.* 3d) Calculate the average and standard deviation of your reaction time for each sense. 4. In your Word document, report the mean and standard deviation of your reaction time (in seconds) for: sight: touch: sound: 5. Make a graph that shows the mean and standard deviation of your three reaction times. Paste (special) this graph into your Word document. If you need help remembering how to do this, the Week 5 module has a video about How to make a column chart in Excel. Remember to label each axis! 6. Look at your graph and decide which two data sets look the most distinct. You are going to run a t-test to test whether these two data sets are different or not. 7. In your Word document, tell me which two sets of reaction times you will compare. 8. In your Word document, give the mathematical statements for the null and alternate hypotheses for this t-test. 9. As you run this t-test in VassarStats, you will run it as an independent (unpaired) t-test, which is slightly bending the rules, because running it as a correlated/paired t-test would mean that, say, your rst sight response is paired with your rst sound response (if you were comparing sight and sound). That's not quite right. So - run the independent test and report the two-tailed p value. Use the instructions given in Monday's lecture to run this test. You should have ve data points (the ve reaction times per sense) in each column. Remember to backspace after pasting! 10. In your Word document, write the results statement for your t-test. Be sure to use the term 'signicantly' only if the differences are signicant and report your p value (whether it was signicant or not). 11. You now will run a one-way ANOVA that compares the reaction times for all three senses. The instructions are in Monday's lecture. Remember that your number of samples = 3 because you are comparing three groups. We will again consider these independent samples, and click the Weighted button. Enter your data into the three columns and hit calculate. 12. Are the means/standard deviations calculated by VassarStats the same as what you used to make your graph? 13. What is the overall ANOVA p value? Should you reject your null hypothesis and conclude that at least one of the senses' reaction times is different from the others? If yes, report here your Tukey HSD test results (if your overall p value was > 0.05, there won't be a Tukey HSD test). 14. Write your results sentence that compares the three senses. Report your p value. Only use the word 'significantly' if the differences are significant.In-class work: Data collection: Fill out the tabl Distance (cm) Sight trial 1 Sight trial 2 Sight trial 3 23 Sight trial 4 13 Sight trial 5 Touch trial 1 7 Touch trial 2 27 Touch trial 3 10 Touch trial 4 8 Touch trial 5 10 Sound trial 1 13 Sound trial 2 4 Sound trial 3 Sound trial 4 23 Sound trial 5