In comparing the constant-growth model and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to calculate the cost of common stock equity, O the CAPM ignores risk, while the constant-growth model directly considers risk as reflected in the beta the CAPM indirectly considers risk as reflected in the market return, while the constant growth model uses dividend expectations as a reflection of risk the CAPM directly considers risk as reflected in the beta, while the constant growth model uses dividend expectations as a reflection of risk the CAPM directly considers risk as reflected in the beta, while the constant-growth model uses the market price as a reflection of the expected risk-return preference of investors