In early 2007, the publicly-owned railway in the Portugese city of Porto, Metro do Porto (MDP), entered into an exotic interest rate swap with the Spanish bank, Banco Santander (BST) that came to be referred to as a 'snowball' swap. This swap, along with similar swaps promoted by BST, would later become the subject of litigation when MdP and other counterparties defaulted on their obligations during 2013. Refer to page 155 of the Approved Judgement for precise details on the terms of MdP's swap, and in particular, how the 'spread' on the floating rate leg was determined. The 'spread' on the floating rate leg of the swap was related to three-month Euribor. Historical data on the level of this benchmark interest rate at quarterly intervals between 13 March 2009 and 13 December 2012 are as follows: Date 13 March 2009 13 June 2009 3m Euribor 2,100% 1.640% 1,268% 0.773% 0.714% 13 September 2009 13 December 2009 13 March 2010 13 June 2010 13 September 2010 13 December 2010 13 March 2011 13 June 2011 13 September 2011 13 December 2011 13 March 2012 0.649% 0.719% 0.879% 1.026% 1.173% 1.471% 1.528% 1.426% 0.876% 13 June 2012 13 September 2012 13 December 2012 0.662% 0.252% (a) Complete Template B showing the interest rates and periodic cash flows due to be paid and received by MdP under the swap between 13 March 2009 and 13 December 2012. You should assume that the notional principal of the swap amortises on a straight-line basis between 13 December 2006 and 13 December 2022; refer to page 155 of the Approved Judgement for details. Do not make any changes to the format of Template B. (9 marks) (b) In his judgement of March 2016, Mr Justice Blair described this type of swap as 'advantageous' to MdP but 'very risky'. What features of the swap with BST made it both 'advantageous' and 'very risky' to MdP? In early 2007, the publicly-owned railway in the Portugese city of Porto, Metro do Porto (MDP), entered into an exotic interest rate swap with the Spanish bank, Banco Santander (BST) that came to be referred to as a 'snowball' swap. This swap, along with similar swaps promoted by BST, would later become the subject of litigation when MdP and other counterparties defaulted on their obligations during 2013. Refer to page 155 of the Approved Judgement for precise details on the terms of MdP's swap, and in particular, how the 'spread' on the floating rate leg was determined. The 'spread' on the floating rate leg of the swap was related to three-month Euribor. Historical data on the level of this benchmark interest rate at quarterly intervals between 13 March 2009 and 13 December 2012 are as follows: Date 13 March 2009 13 June 2009 3m Euribor 2,100% 1.640% 1,268% 0.773% 0.714% 13 September 2009 13 December 2009 13 March 2010 13 June 2010 13 September 2010 13 December 2010 13 March 2011 13 June 2011 13 September 2011 13 December 2011 13 March 2012 0.649% 0.719% 0.879% 1.026% 1.173% 1.471% 1.528% 1.426% 0.876% 13 June 2012 13 September 2012 13 December 2012 0.662% 0.252% (a) Complete Template B showing the interest rates and periodic cash flows due to be paid and received by MdP under the swap between 13 March 2009 and 13 December 2012. You should assume that the notional principal of the swap amortises on a straight-line basis between 13 December 2006 and 13 December 2022; refer to page 155 of the Approved Judgement for details. Do not make any changes to the format of Template B. (9 marks) (b) In his judgement of March 2016, Mr Justice Blair described this type of swap as 'advantageous' to MdP but 'very risky'. What features of the swap with BST made it both 'advantageous' and 'very risky' to MdP