In early 2011, the city of Seattle, Washington changed rates for on-street parking. All results here are based on automatic transaction data from parking pay stations obtained before and after that rate change. The parking rate changes were based on performance-based pricing where rates were increased, decreased, or not changed in neighborhoods with occupancy levels higher than, lower than, or within a pre-determined level. This data was used to calculate price elasticity by time of day for on-street parking demand and incorporates neighborhood characteristics to determine how on-street parking demand responds to price changes. The relationship between pricing and parking turnover, the amount of time parked, and total revenue generated for the city will be discussed. Term definitions: Parking turnover: average total number of vehicles that are parked on a weekday within a certain time-period (e.g., in a day or for an hour). Parking duration: average time vehicles are parked. Parking revenues: average total parking revenues per day. New Parking Rates

In February to April 2011, a change in the regulation of on-street parking in Seattle was implemented which resulted into both an increase and a decrease of hourly parking rates in some neighborhoods. The new rates and the parking price change in each neighborhood can be seen in Figure 2. In total, four neighborhoods saw an increase in parking rates; six neighborhoods saw a decrease; and four were unchanged.The rate change you see in the figure represents the change in dollars, for example in the commercial core the rate increased by $1.50 to $4.00 per hour after the 2011 rate change from its prior rate of $2.50 per hour. From here, you will see a variety of graphs and tables showing results from the study. This information will allow you to see estimated parking elasticity by time of day, neighborhood, parking turnover, length of time parked, and additional information. A list of questions will follow that asks you to look at the information presented in the tables, interpret it, and make conclusions. Even if there are questions you are uncertain of, include an answer, I offer partial credit.

Table 4 Comparison of the average parking turnover by a typical weekday before and after the parking rate changes in the decrease, increase and no change rate neighborhoods. Neighborhoods Turnover 2010 Turnover 2011 Percentage change (%) Decrease 9457 8835 - 6.58 Increase 8744 7763 - 11.21 No change 4927 4551 -7.63Table 5 Comparison of the average parking duration per vehicle before and after the parking rate changes in the decrease, increase and no change rate neighborhoods. Neighborhoods Duration 2010 (min) Duration 2011 (min) Difference (min) Decrease 69.24 71.25 2.01 Increase 71.61 66.20 -5.42 No change 59.61 60.39 0.78Table 7 Comparison of average revenue generation per day from the parking stations in our study area before and after the parking rate changes in the increase. decrease and the no change rate neighborhoods. Neighborhoods Revenue 2010 (58) Revenue 20]] (15) Percentage change (96) Decrease 25.354 18.802 25.84 Increase 24.583 32.745 33.20 No change 10.739 10.035 6.56 Table 3 Statistics on rates and calculated elasticities (model 2) by neighborhoods. Neighborhood Rate 2010 ($) Rate 2011 ($) Rate change ($) Decrease price elasticities Increase price elasticities Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Belltown north 2.5 2.0 0.5 -0.21 - 0.63 Belltown south 2.5 2.0 -0.5 -0.15 Denny triangle north -0.59 2.5 2.0 -0.5 -0.19 -0.64 South lake union 2.0 1.5 - 1.0 -0.27 Uptown - 1.02 2.0 1.5 -0.5 -0.33 Uptown triangle -0.99 2.0 1.0 - 1.0 -0.22 -0.68 Capitol hill 2.0 3.0 + 1.0 Commercial core 2.5 - 0.45 - 1.04 -0.29 4.0 + 1.5 First hill 2.0 -0.34 -0.89 4.0 -0.03 + 2.0 Pioneer square -0.39 2.5 0.87 0.14 3.5 + 1.0 All neighborhoods with price changes - 0.40 -0.88 -0.20 -0.23 -0.76 0 -0.40 -0.92 0.17\"EhiiiiiiiEEE\" war ii II II In! I Legend Neighborhoods RateChange [$1 I I I .y_ E : E.- - - -l-II-II Fig. 2. New rates and rate changes in each neighborhood within the study area in Seattle. Numbers before the \"slash" represents the new rate, the number after the \"slash" represents the rate change. Hour of the day 0.0 60 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 -0.1 50 m -0.2 . ..................... -0.3 40 -0.4 30 -0.5 y -0.6 20 -0.7 10 -0.8 -0.9 0 -+ Decrease price elasticities model 1 Increase price elasticities model 1 -+ . Decrease neighborhoods' occupancy in 2011 - . Increase neighborhoods' occupancy in 2011 ... . . No price change neighborhoods' occupancy in 2011Table 6 Comparison of an average parking turnover rates by a typical weekdayr during noon hours [between 12 and 14 pm) before and after the parking rate changes in the increase. decrease rate and the no change rate neighborhoods. Neighborhoods Turnover 2010 Turnover 201] Percentage change (1%) Decrease 3433 3415 0.54 Increase 3484 3470 0.40 No change 1723 1583 8.12