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In figure the voltage gradient (voltage between ECF and ICF) across membrane is -60 mV. The ion channel is mostly closed. Only if a

   

In figure the voltage gradient (voltage between ECF and ICF) across membrane is -60 mV. The ion channel is mostly closed. Only if a toxin released via the nozzle, it opens the voltage gated ion channel (blue protein) for 10 s. Na AP AP Na 60 mV ICF AP Na ECF Na Na K Na Nozzle Na AP Anionic Protein Chloride ion Potassium lon Na Sodium lon Na Nat AP Na Draw the V-t plots for the following cases using ruler and pencil clearly and explain the phenomena briefly 100-150 words. a.Facilitated diffusion of potassium ions. 2 b. active symport of sodium ions 1.5 c. Active antiport of AP- with sodium ions 1.5

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