In Japan there is a cultural appreciation for older elements in society. Seniority is highly respected, and well$-$crafted products are appreciated. On the other hand, in the United States there is a more materialistic mindset. There is constant demand for novelty and the popularity of a product is what is valued $-$ giving way for "fast$-$fashion", for example. What key force in the macro$-$environment are these differences part of$?$