In June 2021, individual P based in State C concluded a contract with company X for the sale of a car. The contract between X and P established that X would deliver a bill of lading to bank Z and P would pay the price of the car to bank Z and claim the car from the carrier via the bill of lading delivered by company X. Subsequently, X shipped the goods via company R, received a bill of lading and delivered the bill of lading to transport company T, based on transport contracts establishing the responsibility of the carrier for any inconvenient arising in delivery after shipping. Instead of delivering the bill of lading to bank Z, company T delivered the car to P, who claimed the car from R without paying bank Z.

Please advise the relevant issue solutions in relation to international trade law.

Thank you.