In Malaysia, the population is increasing rapidly, reaching $32\mathrm{.}8$ million in $2021,$ generating a

tremendous amount of solid waste, which is estimated to be $38,427$ metric tonnes per day in

$2021(1\mathrm{.}17$ kg$/$capita$/$day$).$ Of which, $82\mathrm{.}5$ per cent is disposed in landfills. By $2022,$ the

amount of MSW collected would be $14$ million metric tonnes per annum, enough to fill the

Petronas Twin Towers every seven days. Therefore, there is an urgent need to respond to

these mounting issues and provide new facilities.