In order to establish negligence of the defendant, a plaintiff must show all of the following EXCEPT:

a. a law has been broken

b. a legal duty to protect existed

c. an injury resulted directly from a breach of duty

d. a person did not act reasonably

e. the defendant breached a legal duty

From an economic perspective, the tort system would not be necessary if:

a. consumers were uninformed about a product's risk and transactions costs were low

b. consumers were fully informed about a product's risk and transactions costs were low

c. consumers were fully informed about a product's risk and transactions costs were high

d. consumers were partially informed about a product's risk and transactions costs were high