In Palsgraf v$.$ Long Island R R$,$ Helen Palsgraf was injured when a shock wave from exploding fireworks $($dynamite$)$ knocked over a scale and hit her in the back of the head. This New York state justice's opinion prevailed in the end and held that the railroad company only owed a duty of care to passengers and bystanders within the "zone of danger".

a$.$ Andrews

b$.$ Gibbons

c$.$ Sotomayor

d$.$ Cardozo