In research investigating relationships between variables, it is best if

a. the research sample is homogeneous with respect to major demographic variables

b..the number of variables is approximately the same as the number of individuals in the sample

c. the researcher uses the individual as the unit of statistical analysis

d. the researcher uses the group as the unit of statistical analysis.

Suppose a researcher generates a correlation matrix for four variables. How many correlation coefficients would be in the matrix?

9

6

4

10

A limitation of the shotgun approach to identify variables that correlate with a criterion variable is that

a. it cannot detect whether the observed relationships are positive or negative

b. it cannot detect the magnitude of the observed relationships

c..only a few variables can be accommodated in the research design

d. some of the many measured variables are likely to correlate with the criterion by chance.

If every increase in score on a test of literary knowledge is accompanied by an increase in score on an intelligence test, one can conclude that

a. there is a perfect negative relationship between literary knowledge and intelligence

b. there is no relationship between literary knowledge and intelligence

c. the correlation between the literary knowledge test and the intelligence test is 1.00

d. intelligence causes literary knowledge.