In terms of future freight flows, Walmart needs to prepare for manufacturing advancements like 3D printing and agile production to respond quickly to market demands. With its global sourcing, the company should anticipate shifts in supplier locations and geopolitical risks to ensure a resilient and cost-effective supply chain. As e-commerce grows, Walmart must focus on last-mile delivery solutions, warehouse automation, and omnichannel strategies to meet customer expectations for convenience and speed. Managing product returns, recycling, and remanufacturing processes efficiently is crucial for reducing waste and environmental impact in reverse logistics