In the 1970s, one million college-bound students were surveyed and asked to compare themselves to their peers. Some of the key findings of the survey were as follows:

a.70% of the students rated themselves as above average in leadership ability, while only 2% rated themselves as below average in this regard.

b.With respect to athletic skills, 60% of the students rated their skills as above the median and only 6% of students rated themselves as below the median.

c.. 60% of the students rated themselves in the top 10% in terms of their ability to get along with others, while 25% of the students felt that they were in the top 1% in terms of this interpersonal skill.

Required:

What type of cognitive bias reveals itself in the data mentioned above? How might this cognitive

bias adversely influence a manager's planning, controlling, and decision-making activities? What steps could managers.