In the 1980s it was generally believed that congenital abnormalities affected about 5% of the nations children. Some people believe that the increase in the number of chemicals in the environment has led to an increase in the incidence of abnormalities. A recent study examined 384 children and found that 46 of them showed signs of an abnormality. Is this strong evidence that the risk has increased? (Consider a p-value of around 1% to represent strong evidence)

A) Write appropriate hypotheses.

B) Check the necessary assumptions.

C) Perform the mechanics of the test: Name the test, give formula and compute test statistic, sketch and label a picture, compute the p-value.

D) Explain carefully what the p-value means in this context.

E) What is your conclusion?

F) Do environmental chemicals cause congenital abnormalities? Why or why not?