in the article The Mental Health Needs of Youth with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities Placed in Special Education Programs in Urban Schools. Krista Kutash

how can i explain Did the authors of the artcile specify a hypothesis or hypotheses (an expected testable relationship among variables)?

If so, state what that hypothesis is.

What are the independent variables (causes) and the dependent variables (outcomes) derived from the hypothesis?

If the authors did not state a hypothesis, you should propose one, indicating what the independent and dependent variables are.