In the article/case "Must a Union Process a Grievance of a Nonunion Employee?" on page 463 in Holley, W. H., Jr., Jennings, K. M., & Wolters, R. S. (2012). The labor relations process (10th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western.

What are nonunion employee rights under the LMRA, When has the union met its obligation of fair representation and has the union, in this case, met its fair representation obligation