In the current COVID-19 pandemic, we have been concerned about the risk to the elderly and those with co-morbid conditions. We are also are seeing other vulnerable populations (e.g., African American and Hispanic/Latino groups) negatively impacted disproportionately compared to white and Asian groups. Health disparities are differences in health that occur due to social, economic or environmental disadvantages. Health equity is to provide equitable care or care that does not vary in quality because of a personal characteristic such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, or socioeconomic stats.

1. What determinants are likely to be contributing to this disparity in vulnerable populations (any group that may experience discrimination based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, geographic location, socioeconomic status, and religion)?
2. Do health disparities and inequities present an ethical dilemma? Why or Why not?
3. Do we have an ethical obligation to address health disparities and inequities? Why or Why not?
4. How do the ethical principles of beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence, and justice apply in this situation (if at all)?
5. Which do you consider to be the most central principle in this situation and why?