In the Harvard Business Review article, "Leading Change, Why Transformation Efforts Fail," Kotter notes that to give a transformation effort the best chance of succeeding, all of the following pitfalls should be avoided except: In the Harvard Business Review article, "Leading Change, Why Transformation Efforts Fail," Kotter notes that to give a transformation effort the best chance of succeeding, all of the following pitfalls should be avoided except: Presenting a vision that's too complicated or vague to be communicated in five minutes. Regulating team leadership to an HR, quality or strategic-planning executive rather than a senior line manager. Underestimating the difficulty of driving people from their comfort zones. Becoming paralyzed by risks. Using leaders at the top with prior experience with teamwork