In the International Communications Process, what is an example of "noise"?

Competitive activities

Message translated into appropriate meaning

Action by consumer responding to message

Personal Sales Force

What is the key difference between the demand for industrial goods and the demand for consumer goods?

the demand for industrial goods is more volatile than the demand for consumer goods.

the market for industrial goods is smaller than the market for consumer goods.

the industrial goods market is less competitive than the consumer goods market.

industrial products are always more expensive than consumer products.

industrial products use the same level of technology for all products making it appropriate for all countries.

The longevity issues often seen in distribution channels are due to:

that companies do not maintain sufficient inventory to serve customers

the lack of product knowledge

that the middlemen have little loyalty to their vendors

that the middlemen tend to slow down distribution to extract higher commissions

the lack of sufficient knowledge of the target market

Which of the following describes the change mandated by local product and service standards?

Product localization

Product blending

Product standardization

Product dilution

Product homologation

SAMCH is a washer and dryer manufacturer in Korea. When SAMCH entered Zambia, it had to change its product specifications because Zambia did not have the skills to repair the products in case of a malfunction. The factor that is influencing product adaptation in this scenario is ________.

legal requirement

political requirement

cultural requirement

technological requirement

J&A has been P&G's advertising agency for ten years.P&G has recently entered several South Asian countries and would like J&A to come up with creative commercials to target consumers in these new markets. In order to accommodate P&G, J&A has decided to follow P&G and open offices in these countries. Which of the following terms describes J&A's expansions into these Asian countries?

Head hunting

Client following

Bargain hunting

Padding their bet

Risk avoidance

Mary Cosmetics, a firm based in the U.S., introduced a new whitening makeup line in the Indian market. In order to accelerate its introduction in the Indian market, it was deliberately priced much lower than the competitive brands in the market. This is an example of _____.

penetration pricing

skimming pricing

psychological pricing policy

variable cost pricing

full cost pricing

Because Mexicans prefer the products made in the U.S. rather than locally made products, a Mexican manufacturer decides to export its entire production to Miami and then buy it back to Mexico so that it looks like "Made in the U.S." This is an example of _____.

host country effect

first-mover advantage

country-of-origin effect

copycat aversion

product homologation

A cartel such as OPEC (oil cartel) is an example of _____ in international markets.

dumping, predatory pricing, skimming pricing, competitive pricing, pricing fixing