In the June 2015 case Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, a divided U.S. Supreme Court held 5-4 that because license plates are a form of government speech, Texas could refuse to issue specialty state license plates bearing the Confederate battle flag. Following this ruling, Virginia decided to remove the Confederate flag emblem from specialty plates, recalled the 1600 plates currently displaying the flag (issuing those owners a newly designed plate) and refused to issue any new license plates with the Confederate flag. Assume that Virginia has refused to issue Robert A. Lee a specialty plate with a Confederate flag, and he has challenged the Virginia law in U.S. District Court. This Cour