In the stock brokerage business, Schwab, Fidelity, and others offer back-office work as a service. Financial advisers can leave the large firms like Merrill Lynch and go out on their own. These advisers have created Responses customer departmentalization customer departmentalization functional departmentalization functional departmentalization modular organizationsSouthwest Airlines gives its employees considerable spending authority to fix a problem. When a flight was delayed, the pilot ordered lunch for the passengers and paid with his Southwest credit card. This represents Responses centralization centralization improper expense control improper expense control empowerment