In the United States, there has historically been a strong relationship between smoking and education, with well-educated people less likely to smoke. To examine whether this pattern has changed, a sample of 459 me was selected at random from those who had visited a health center for a routine check-up over the course of the past year. Education is classified into three categories corresponding to the highest level of education achieved, and smoking status is classified into four categories. Smoking Status Education Nonsmoker High School 56 College 37 Graduate 53 Total 146 Former Moderate Heavy Total 54 41 36 187 43 27 32 139 28 36 16 133 125 104 84 459 The proportion of former smokers with a university education is: OA. 0.57. OB. 0.22. OC. 0.15.