1. In the winter, many New England farmers make maple syrup. They tap maple trees for their sap, which is then boiled down to make maple syrup. Farmer Moore is one such New Englander.

Maple sugaring requires three main operations. First, in the late fall or early winter, seasoned wood is cut and split for running the boiler ("evaporator") that boils the sap down into syrup. Then, in mid-winter, maple trees are tapped using a drill ("auger"), and a tap is inserted in the tree. The taps are connected via tubing to a sugarhouse. Finally, when the sap starts to run (usually in late February or early March), it is collected at the sugarhouse, where it is boiled down into maple syrup. Farmer Moore has1200worker (labor) hours available during the entire sugaring season, and her workers cut the wood, tap the trees, and run the boiler. Cutting/splitting wood and tapping trees can be done individually, but running the boiler requires two workers (i.e., 2 worker hours = 1 boiling hour).

The table below summarizes the labor requirements, maximum availability of hours for specific steps, and corresponding production rates. Assume all labor costs $18 per hour.

Step/Process	Input Labor	Output Rate	Max Available
Cutting/Splitting Wood	1 Worker Hour	Cord of Wood	----
Tapping Trees	1 Worker Hour	25 Taps	480 Worker Hours
Boiling Sap (2-person operation)	1 Worker Hour	1/2 Hour of Boiling	240 Boiling Hours

Additionally, there are several important input/output relationships or conversion rates.

Input	Needed to Produce (Output)
1 Tap	18 Gallons of Sap
1 Gallon Sap	1/40 Gallon of Maple Syrup
1 Cord of Wood (in the boiler)	70 Gallons of Maple Syrup
1 Hour of Boiling	35 gallons of Maple Syrup

Farmer Moore sells maple syrup for $50 per gallon.

1A.Write out an LP model formulation that determines how much time is needed for tapping the trees, running the boiler, and cutting and splitting wood so that Farmer Moore can maximize her profit (or net contribution). Solve your model in Excel and report your optimal solution and optimal profit.

Hint: I used 5 variables: time tapping (TT), time boiling (TB), time cutting/splitting wood (TC), sap produced (S), and syrup produced (SY). You will need constraints that limit the production of sap and syrup; each row in the last table led to a simple constraint in my model. This set up is helpful for part b. (There may be other simple ways to model this.)

1B.There is now a cottage industry for people that tap maple trees and sell the sap (but do not own a sugarhouse for converting it into syrup). Suppose maplesapcan be purchased in the local market for $.60 per gallon (in unlimited quantities). Write out a new LP model formulation that allows Farmer Moore to augment her sap production with additional sap purchases to maximize profits. Solve your model in Excel and report your new optimal solution and new profit.