In theory, people with higher incomes are taxed at a higher rate, since they have such an abundance of wealth. But in our corrupt reality, the vast majority of these people are being taxed way less than they should be. According to a study from the White House, America's 400wealthiest families paid an average of just 8.2% in federal individual income tax between 2010 and 2018. By comparison, the average American household pays 13.3% with an income that doesn't come close to the country's wealthiest families. With 37.9 million Americans living in poverty, there is no explanation or justification for the wealth that these billionaires hoard" (para. 3).

Analysis this paragraph. the paragraph is from the article name: There's no such thing as an ethical billionaire (Ventura)

 

Which logos tool the author has used. The logos tools are cause-effect, counterargument/refutation, comparison/contrast, fact or statistic.