In this dataset, a variable called "cigarettes" measures the number of packs purchased per adult per capita. There is also a variable named "cig_tax" that measures the cigarette taxes per pack and a recorded ordinal version of this variable (cig_tax_3) that denotes low, medium, and high values of cigarette taxes. 1. Using the cigarette consumption variable as your dependent variable and the cigarette tax variable as your independent variable, do the following: 2. Run a cross-tab analysis for the two variables a. Since cross tabs are used for ordinal or nominal variables, you will need to convert the DV to an ordinal variable b. To do so, create an ordinal variable (name it cigs3) from the cigarettes variable using the following criteria: i. Minimum-5.50 = 0 ii. 5.51-$9.00 = 1 iii. >9 = 2 3. Interpret the results from the crosstabs. a. Your interpretation should describe the basic pattern (substantive relationship) b. Your interpretation should include a test of statistical significance for the relationship i. For a crosstabs, you should conduct a Chi-Square test.

4. Run a difference of means test for your DV and IV.

state state cig_tax cigarettes college pop_18_24 prcapinc south urban cig_tax_3 Alabama 1 0.43 9.41 21.10 10.00 27795 1 55.40 1 Alaska 2 2.00 6.22 26.70 11.14 34454 0 65.60 3 Arizona 3 2.00 2.40 24.30 9.61 28442 0 88.20 3 Arkansas 4 0.59 8.51 19.10 10.08 25725 1 52.50 1 California 5 0.87 3.69 29.10 9.95 35019 0 94.40 2 Colorado 6 0.84 5.86 34.70 9.80 36063 0 84.50 2 Connecticut 7 2.00 5.47 34.60 8.86 45398 0 87.70 3 Delaware 8 1.15 17.12 27.60 9.95 35861 1 80.10 2 Florida 9 0.34 6.71 25.10 8.71 31455 1 89.30 1 Georgia 10 0.37 8.22 25.70 9.94 30051 1 71.60 1 Hawaii 11 1.80 5.71 28.20 9.88 32160 0 91.50 3 Idaho 12 0.57 6.71 24.00 10.99 27098 0 66.40 1 Illinois 13 0.98 5.43 28.10 9.87 34351 0 87.80 2 Indiana 14 1.00 10.47 21.00 10.08 30094 0 70.80 2 Iowa 15 1.36 8.01 22.50 10.65 30560 0 61.10 2 Kansas 16 0.79 7.13 28.70 10.89 30811 0 71.40 2 Kentucky 17 0.30 18.95 18.70 9.90 27709 1 55.80 1 Louisiana 18 0.36 8.16 21.30 11.12 27581 1 72.60 1 Maine 19 2.00 7.30 25.90 9.38 30566 0 40.20 3 Maryland 20 1.00 5.09 34.50 9.30 39247 1 86.10 2 Massachusetts 21 1.51 4.48 35.90 9.35 41801 0 91.40 3 Michigan 22 2.00 7.60 24.30 9.85 31954 0 74.70 3 Minnesota 23 1.49 6.63 30.60 10.34 35861 0 70.90 3 Mississippi 24 0.18 9.35 18.70 11.06 24650 1 48.80 1 Missouri 25 0.17 9.68 24.10 10.16 30608 0 69.40 1 Montana 26 1.70 7.31 25.70 10.58 26857 0 54.10 3 Nebraska 27 0.64 5.31 25.30 10.86 31339 0 69.80 1 Nevada 28 0.80 6.63 19.50 8.70 33405 0 91.50 2 New Hampshire 29 1.08 14.18 30.30 9.31 37040 0 59.30 2 New Jersey 30 2.58 4.89 32.10 8.53 41332 0 94.40 3 New Mexico 31 0.91 4.92 23.80 10.68 26191 0 75.00 2 New York 32 1.50 3.34 29.80 9.48 38228 0 87.50 3 North Carolina 33 0.35 8.50 24.30 9.54 29246 1 60.20 1 North Dakota 34 0.44 6.26 25.10 12.09 31398 0 55.90 1 Ohio 35 1.25 8.72 22.90 9.84 31322 0 77.40 2 Oklahoma 36 1.03 10.04 21.90 10.85 28089 1 65.30 2 Oregon 37 1.18 5.01 26.40 9.61 29971 0 78.70 2 Pennsylvania 38 1.35 7.31 24.20 9.53 33348 0 77.10 2 Rhode Island 39 2.46 6.17 29.10 10.41 33733 0 90.90 3 South Carolina 40 0.07 10.46 23.20 10.08 27172 1 60.50 1 South Dakota 41 1.53 6.88 23.10 11.21 30856 0 51.90 3 Tennessee 42 0.62 9.40 21.50 9.66 30005 1 63.60 1 Texas 43 1.41 5.61 24.50 10.50 30222 1 82.50 3 Utah 44 0.70 3.58 26.20 12.67 26606 0 88.20 2 Vermont 45 1.79 7.61 32.00 9.95 32770 0 38.20 3 Virginia 46 0.30 10.10 32.20 9.89 35477 1 73.00 1 Washington 47 2.03 4.15 30.20 10.10 35299 0 82.00 3 West Virginia 48 0.55 12.42 17.00 9.52 25872 1 46.10 1 Wisconsin 49 0.77 7.62 23.80 10.39 32157 0 68.30 2 Wyoming 50 0.60 8.05 23.70 11.20 34306 0 65.10 1

Variable Name Variable Label Measure cig_tax Cigarette tax per pack Scale cigarettes Packs bimonthly per adult pop Scale college Percent of pop College or higher Scale pop_18_24 Percent age 18-24 (2004) Scale South Southern state? Scale State name Nominal stateid State ID Scale urban Percent urban population Scale