In this matter, you need to use various methods to price options. You will consider put options and call options. Please read the following instructions carefully:

The spot price of the stock is 46

The strike price of the option is 48

Based on the fact that the spot price, the strike price, and the continuously compounded risk-free interest rate are 6% per year, please conduct an option evaluation and answer the relevant questions according to the following instructions:

Binomial trees:

Additionally, assume that over each of the next two four-month periods, the share price is expected to go up by 11% or down by 10%.

a.Use a two-step binomial tree to calculate the value of an eight-month European call option using the no-arbitrage approach.

b.Use a two-step binomial tree to calculate the value of an eight-month European put option using the no-arbitrage approach.

c.Show whether the put-call-parity holds for the European call and the European put prices you calculated in a. and b.

d.Use a two-step binomial tree to calculate the value of an eight-month European call option using risk-neutral valuation.

e.Use a two-step binomial tree to calculate the value of an eight-month European put option using risk-neutral valuation.

f.Verify whether the no-arbitrage approach and the risk-neutral valuation lead to the same results.

g.Use a two-step binomial tree to calculate the value of an eight-month American put option.

h.Calculate the deltas of the European put and the European call at the different nodes of the binomial three.

Note:When you use no-arbitrage arguments, you need to show in detail how to set up the riskless portfolios at the different nodes of the binomial tree.

Black-Scholes-Merton model:

Using the information given above regarding the spot and strike price, risk-free rate of return and the fact that the volatility of the share price is 18%, answer following questions:

i.What is the price of an eight-month European call?

j.What is the price of an eight-month American call?

k.What is the price of an eight-month European put?

l.How would your result from k. change if a dividend of $1 is expected in three months? How would your result from k. change if a dividend of $1 is expected in ten months?

Note for calculations with the BSM model:Keep four decimal points for d1 and d2. Use the Table for N(x) with interpolation in calculating N(d1) and N(d2).

Finally,

m.Compare the results you obtained for the prices of European puts and calls using binomial trees and Black-Scholes-Merton model. How large are the differences when expressed as a percentage of the spot price of the share? Provide a possible explanation for these differences.