In what general, systematic ways do the interests pursued by officials in government differ from the interests pursued by people in the private sector? Consider the following cases:

a$.$ The president of a state$-$owned university and the president of a privately$-$owned university. b$.$ A member of the US House of Representatives who aspires to a seat in the Senate and a traveling sales representative for a large corporation who wants a job as sales manager at of the firm$$s plants.

c$.$ A prominent political figure who wants to become president of the United States and a prominent actor who wants to receive an Academy Award.

d$.$ An urban police officer and a uniformed guard employed by a private security firm.