In what ways would you expect each of the following to affect the demand for real money balances? In each case, state which motive for holding money is affected (if any):

a) An increase in real GNP

b) An increase in confidence about the future

c) A fall in nominal interest rates

d) An increase in the interest differential between risky assets and time deposits

e) A fall in the frequency of income payments i.e. a switch from weekly to monthly payment.

f) An increase in the monetary base brought about by the central bank.