In which of the following situations would jurisdiction over an out-of-state defendant be likely to be exercised by a court?

Multiple Choice

• Trickyco, based in North Dakota, was sending fraudulent direct mail pieces that were victimizing people in South Dakota. Trickyco had no physical presence outside of North Dakota. Brianna, who was defrauded out of $10,000, sued Trickyco in South Dakota.
• Fraudco, based in Utah, set up a website in which they sold defective products to customers in several states throughout the Southwest. No Fraudco representative ever left Utah on any official business and Fraudco had no office outside of Utah. Steve, a resident of New Mexico, sued Fraudco in New Mexico, where he had ordered a Fraudco product online.
• Shiftyco, based in Colorado, had a sales representative who regularly visited Tennessee to conduct business, but had no other presence in Tennessee. Violet was harmed by a Shftyco product and is suing Shiftyco in Tennessee.
• All of the situations are ones in which jurisdiction over an out-of-state defendant would be likely.