;Incidence of tax This means who has to bear the burden of the tax, i.e. who finally pays the tax. Merits of direct taxes a. They satisfy the principle of equity as they are easily matched to the tax payers capacity to pay once assessed. b. They satisfy the principles of certainty and convenience to tax payers as they know the time and manner of payment, and the amount to be paid in the case of these taxes. Similarly, the government is also certain as to the amount of money it shall receive from these taxes. c. They satisfy the Canon Simplicity as they are easy to understand. d. Because most of them are progressive, they tend to reduce income inequalities as the rich are taxed heavily through income tax, wealth tax, expenditure tax, excess profit, gift tax, etc. so long as they are alive; and through inheritance taxes or death duties when they die. The poor and the income groups which are below the minimum tax limit are exempted form these taxes. These taxes thus reduce income and wealth inequalities because of their progressive nature. e. Because the public are paying taxes to the government, they take an interest in the activities of the state as to whether the public expenditure is incurred on public welfare or not. Such civic consciousness puts a check on the wastage of the public expenditure in a democratic country. Demerits of direct taxes a. Heavy direct taxation, especially when closely linked to current earnings, can act as a serious check to productivity by encouraging absenteeism and making men disinclined to work. b. Heavy direct taxation will clearly reduce peoples ability to save since it leaves them with less money to spend. Taxation may, therefore, act as a deterrent to saving.

QUESTIONS

1.what factor component must tissue transplants be inclined to?

2.explain the concept of loose belief in regard tomiasma theory

3.What is the main component of the tissues in our body?explain

4.cotemplate on the idea of Decellularization and thefree extracellular matrix

5.explain on the secretion of extra-cellular matrix by Nature's template for a biomaterial is the extracellular matrix.

6. _____________ is referred to as The Father of Regenerative Medicine.

7.Gradual deterioration of the Immune system as age increases is termed as?

8. Quite like Tissue engineering _____________ is a branch of translational research trying to devise ways to fool the immune system in order to avoid immune attacks.

9.demonstrate the pioneer of devised plaque assay for animal viruses using confluent monolayers of cultured cells.

10. Which was the first widely used chemically defined medium?