Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

$7.$ Which of the following is true of shareholders in continental Europe?

a$.$ The stocks of corporations are widely dispersed among a large number of different investors, both individuals and institutions.

b$.$ Many shareholders assign banks their proxy votes for the directors of the companies.

c$.$ Banks are major shareholders of corporations in continental Europe.

d$.$ Major shareholders of closed corporations are not involved in the firms' daily operations.

e$.$ Shareholders in continental Europe are often family units resulting from the universal banking relationship existing in the United States.