1. Indicate whether each of the following transactions represents an example of vertical integration, horizontal integration, or corporate alliance:

a) General Motors Ltd. and the Goodyear Rubber Co. collaborate on the design, testing, and marketing of a new line of safety tires.

b) Ford Motor Co. buys 51 percent of the common shares of Petro-Canada.

c) The Steel Co. of Canada is taken over by US Steel.

d) DaimlerChrysler AG and Mitsubishi Corp. agree jointly to build an automobile assembly plant in Mexico.

e) Coca-Cola Corp. purchases a plant that manufactures aluminum cans.