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Intercultural Communication thread in how we view the loss of life and the occasion of birth and we use these beliefs that shape our

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Intercultural Communication thread in how we view the loss of life and the occasion of birth and we use these beliefs that shape our worldviews to interpret and judge events around us. Our worldviews or perceptions frame our intercultural interactions. According to Klyukanov (2005: 2), one of the fundamental principles of intercultural communication, namely the positionality principle states that 'intercultural communication is a process whereby people from different cultures engage in interaction and claim authority for their vision of the world'. Furthermore, he claims that the positionality principle refers to 'the cultural knowledge located in a specific context, worldview, and cultural space' and that 'cultural meanings are generated and grounded' (Ibid.: 92). In other words, we make meaning of an intercultural event from our own perspective in an ethnocentric way and we stand our ground'. Hall (2005: 31) claims that our worldviews operate at an unconscious level' and this means that our worldviews and 'cultural gaze' (Klyukanov, 2005: 89) are stored and utilized without conscious thought. Our worldviews influence how we perceive intercultural events and we tend to use degrees of ethnocentrism which according to Hall (2005: 199) and Klyukanov (2005: 99) ay include positive and negative judgements about how and why other cultural groups react in the way that they do. In some cases, individuals and groups react emotionally and this may or may not lead to more violent actions. In the latter half of the twentieth century, the media reported a diverse range of worldviews representing ethnocentric perspectives that resulted in either violent or non-violent reactions around the world. For instance, Pope Benedict cited a fourteenth century Byzantine emperor who equated 'Islam with violence' causing deep felt resentment among the world's Muslim population; Chavez (2006) called Bush 'the devil' and won the admiration of the non-western world, while at the same time falling further out of favour with the USA and her allies; an MP in New Zealand said that 'women with burqas and the gay community' were problematic in New Zealand society and in the twenty-first century there are increasing media reports of this trend in Europe and the UK.

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