Interested in learning whether a high school student's decision to apply for college admission (yes vs. no) differs depending upon whether that student's mother attended college (yes vs. no), researchers administer a brief questionnaire asking those two questions among others. Data are tabulated into a 22 contingency table and a chi- square association test is performed.

(a) What null hypothesis for this question be like?

(b) What would the result of 2 = 0.00 mean for the above variables? How would this result be interpreted?

(c) Assume the researchers obtained a result of 2 = 9.68; would the researchers reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis for this study? Explain why.