Interpreting regression results.Spirit Freightways is a leader in transporting agricultural products in the western provinces of Canada. Reese Brown, a financial analyst at Spirit Freightways, is studying the behavior of transportation costs for budgeting purposes. Transportation costs at Spirit are of two types: (a) operating costs (such as labor and fuel) and (b) maintenance costs (primarily overhaul of vehicles).

Brown gathers monthly data on each type of cost, as well as the total freight miles traveled by Spirit vehicles in each month. The data collected are shown below (all in thousands):

Month	Operating Costs	Maintenance Costs	Freight Miles
January	$ 942	$ 974	1,710
February	1,008	776	2,655
March	1,218	686	2,705
April	1,380	694	4,220
May	1,484	588	4,660
June	1,548	422	4,455
July	1,568	352	4,435
August	1,972	420	4,990
September	1,190	564	2,490
October	1,302	788	2,610
November	962	762	2,240
December	772	1,028	1,490

Required

• 1.Conduct a regression using the monthly data of operating costs on freight miles. You should obtain the following result:Regression:Operating costs =a+ (b Number of freight miles)

  Variable	Coefficient	Standard Error	t-Value
  Constant	$445.76	$112.97	3.95
  Independent variable: No. of freight miles	$0.26	$0.03	7.83
  r2= 0.86; Durbin-Watson statistic = 2.18

• 2.Plot the data and regression line for the above estimation. Evaluate the regression using the criteria of economic plausibility, goodness of fit, and slope of the regression line.
• 3.Brown expects Spirit to generate, on average, 3,600 freight miles each month next year. How much in operating costs should Brown budget for next year?
• 4.Name three variables, other than freight miles, that Brown might expect to be important cost drivers for Spirits operating costs.
• 5.Brown next conducts a regression using the monthly data of maintenance costs on freight miles. Verify that she obtained the following result:Regression:Maintenance costs =a+ (b Number of freight miles)

  Variable	Coefficient	Standard Error	t-Value
  Constant	$1,170.57	$91.07	12.85
  Independent variable: No. of freight miles	$0.15	$0.03	5.83
  r2= 0.77; Durbin-Watson statistic = 1.94

• 6.Provide a reasoned explanation for the observed sign on the cost driver variable in the maintenance cost regression. What alternative data or alternative regression specifications would you like to use to better capture the above relationship?