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Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na+glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+concentration is significantly higher outside the

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Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na+glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+concentration outside the cell ([Na+]out) is 161mM and that inside the cell ([Na+]in) is 21.0mM, and the cell potential is 54.0mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37C

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