Introduction The paper helicopter accelerated for the rst part of its fall and then fell at a constant speed during the second part. Energy was being used (or used up) to do rotational work, which helped slow the helicopter's fall. Let's examine other ways energy gets used. M aterials Wood or metal ramp (at least 1 meter long), meter stick, stopwatch, ball Procedure I : >>>> Part 1: 1. Support a ramp that is at least 1.00 m in length so that it is at least .10 m high. Record this height and the length of the ramp. Put pieces of masking tape or other marks along the oor at 1.0-meter intervals. N 3. Release a ball from the top of the ramp. Start the stopwatch when the ball leaves the ramp and stop it at the 1-meter mark. Repeat for the 2 meter, 3 meter, and 4 meter marks. Record all times. 4. Repeat step 3 three more times. Part 2: 1. Support a ramp that is at least 1.00 m in length so that it is at least .10 m high. Record this height and the length of the ramp. 2. Put pieces of masking tape or other marks along the ramp at 0.1-meter intervals. 3. Release a ball from the top mark on the ramp (1.0m). Start the stopwatch when the ball leaves the ramp and stop it at the bottom ofthe ramp. Repeat for each of the 0.1-meter marks on the ramp. Record all times. 4. Repeat step 3 three more times. Observation and Analysis Record the information for each part in the tables below: Part 1: Ramp height: Ramp length: Times 1 meter 2 meter 3 meter 4 meter Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Average Time Intervals A ' ' Change in verage Average Position , , Time Posutlon Speed Interval 0-0 m NA NA NA 1.0 m 1.0 m 2.0 m 2.0 m 3.0 m 4.0 m Calculations: Average all four times for each distance the ball traveled. Enter those times in the Average Time Interval column for the Analysis table. The change in position is the distance the ball has rolled so far. The average speed is the change in position divided by the average time interval. Using this table, you will be constructing position-time and average speed-time graphs of the ball's motion. (You can use graph paper you have, or print this out to use. You will no need to submit your graph, but you will need to use information from it to answer questions.) What is the slope of the position-time graph? (include units) What is the slope of the speed-time graph? (include units) What is the area under the speed-time graph? (include units) Part 2: Ramp height:_ Ramp length: Times Times Times Times Average Lengths Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Time 1.0 m 0.9 m 0.8 m 0.7 m 0.6 m 0.5 m 0.4 m 0.3 m 0.2 m 0.1 m Average Change Change Change Average Position Time in Velocity in in Time Acceleration Interval Position Speed 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0The Change in Position column is the difference between adjacent values in the Position column. The Average Time Interval is copied from the Observations table. The Change in Time is the difference between adjacent values in the Average Time Interval Column. The Velocity is equal to the Change in Position divided by the Change in Time. The Change in Velocity column is equal to the difference between adjacent values in the Velocity column. The Acceleration is equal to the Change in Velocity divided by the Change in Time. Usingthis new data construct position-time and average speed-time graphs of the ball's motion. average 5 oeed What is the slope of the positiontime graph? (include units) What is the slope of the speed-time graph? (include units) What is the area under the speed-time graph? (include units) 1. Using the table tool in the text bar, create data tables in the text entry box below. Copy your experimental data from your position, speed and time tables into the tables. Be sure to label which part the tables are from. (These are the tables you used for your graphs, not the much larger tables above that were for analyzing the full motion.) Submit the table with answers to the following questions. 2. Write a paragraph explaining the motion of the ball in part 1 as it rolls along the oor. Use evidence from the position-time and speed time-graphs. 3. Write a paragraph explaining the motion of the ball in part 2 as it rolls along the ramp. Use evidence from the position-time and speed time-graphs. 4. For part 1, compare the slope of the position-time graph to the average speed. Also compare the area under the speed-time graph to the change in position (displacement). Write a generalization based on these comparisons. 5. For part 2, compare the slope of the position-time graph to the average speed. Also compare the area under the speed-time graph to the change in position (displacement). Write a generalization based on these comparisons. 6. Describe the frame of reference for measuring the motion of the ball on the floor, identifying the origin, orientation and unit used. (Go back to Lesson 11 if you need a quick refresher on frame of reference.) Explain how the measurement of position would change if the point of origin was chosen to be at the top of the ramp. 7. Describe the frame of reference for measuring the motion of the ball on the ramp, identifying the origin, orientation and unit used. Explain how the measurement of position would change if the point of origin was chosen to be on the ball itself. 8. How is part 2 of this experiment like what happens when a car speeds up (accelerates)? What are the similar energy transformations? 9. What would the motion of the ball be like if it were going up a ramp? Describe the energy transformation that would occur. 10. How would a ball move down an inclined plane ifthe ramp was steeper? How would it be different ifthe ramp was vertical